Embryonic development and effect of water temperature on hatching of Lophius litulon

Most Lophiiformes including Lophius species are considered to spawn egg masses called an “egg veil” or ribbon” composed of numerous mucoid chambers. However, eggs have been rarely collected in the field and thus little is known about their biological features. Here we examined embryonic development litulon also effects water temperature on from veils field. Embryonic was observed late cleavage stage hatching. Low rates mortality deformity embryos early larvae were at 13–21°C. The estimated appropriate range closely approximated temperatures (12–20°C) which L. found accelerated with increased temperatures. These results will enable estimation origin passive movement subsequently help reveal spatiotemporal distribution spawning nursery grounds litulon.